Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration of phenolic derivatives from their mixtures

Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) of different phenolic derivatives including meta-nitrophenol (MNP), catechol (CC), para-nitrophenol (PNP), and beta-napthol (BN) in their binary mixture has been studied. A 1:1 ratio of the mixture of (i) MNP with CC and (ii) PNP with BN is taken for the MEUF experiments using a cationic surfactant, namely, cetyl(hexadecyl)pyridinium chloride (CPC). An organic polyamide membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 1000 is used. Experiments are conducted using an unstirred batch cell and a continuous cross-flow cell. The effects of various operating conditions, e.g., concentrations of surfactant and solute in the feed, transmembrane pressure drop, and cross-flow rate (for cross-flow experiments) on the permeate flux and the observed retention of each solute have been studied in detail. The retention of solutes without using the surfactant varies from 3 to 15% only at a typical feed solute concentration of 0.09 kg/m3, whereas, under the same operating pressure (345 kPa), retention at the end of the experiment increases to about 66 to 99.8% depending on the nature of solute in the batch cell using surfactant micelles (10 kg/m3). Retention of solutes is less in the case of the two-component feed solution compared to the single-component feed solution. An increase in flux to the range of 9 to 16% is realized in cross-flow experiments compared to batch cell flux after one hour of operation.