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Experimental gingivitis in cigarette smokers: a clinical and microbiological study
Giovanni E Salvi1, Christoph A Ramseier, M Kandylaki
1Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. giovanni.salvi@zmk.unibe.ch
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|April 22, 2005
Summary
Cigarette smokers and non-smokers show similar clinical and microbiological responses to experimental gingivitis. Early host response to plaque accumulation is comparable between smokers and non-smokers.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Microbiology
- Oral Health Research
Background:
- Smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease.
- The impact of smoking on the early stages of gingivitis is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare clinical and microbiological changes during experimental gingivitis in current cigarette smokers and non-smokers.
Main Methods:
- An experimental gingivitis model was used over 3 weeks with subsequent plaque control.
- Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.
- Clinical parameters (Plaque Index, Gingival Index) were assessed.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant differences in plaque or gingival index scores were observed between smokers and non-smokers.
- Microbiological analysis showed no significant differences in total bacterial counts or proportions of bacterial complexes between groups.
- Both groups exhibited similar responses to plaque accumulation.
Conclusions:
- Current cigarette smokers and non-smokers exhibit comparable gingival inflammation responses to experimental plaque accumulation.
- Periodontal and microbiological parameters did not significantly differ between smokers and non-smokers.
- The early host response to bacterial challenge is similar in both groups.