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Diabetes and periodontal disease: a case-control study
Guglielmo Campus1, Abeer Salem, Sergio Uzzau
1Dental Institute, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. gcampus@uniss.it
Journal of Periodontology
|April 29, 2005
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients exhibit increased susceptibility to severe periodontal disease, characterized by higher plaque levels and bleeding on probing. This highlights a significant link between diabetes and oral health complications.
Area of Science:
- Oral Health
- Endocrinology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Periodontitis is a recognized complication of diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM).
- This study investigated the association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and periodontal disease in Sardinian adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between T2DM and clinical and microbiological periodontal disease.
- To assess differences in periodontal health between T2DM patients and non-diabetic controls.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 71 T2DM patients and 141 controls.
- Clinical periodontal examinations included probing depth, attachment level, calculus, bleeding on probing, and plaque assessment.
- Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. forsythensis using multiplex PCR.
Main Results:
- T2DM patients had significantly fewer teeth, increased probing depths, and higher prevalence of periodontitis.
- A significant association was found between T2DM and increased plaque (OR=1.3) and bleeding on probing.
- P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis were significantly more prevalent in T2DM patients.
Conclusions:
- T2DM patients demonstrate a clear susceptibility to more severe periodontal disease.
- The findings underscore the importance of oral health management in diabetic patients.