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On the origin of American tuberculosis
Philip A Mackowiak1, Vera Tiesler Blos, Manuel Aguilar
1Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Philip.Mackowiak@med.va.gov
Summary
Tuberculosis was present in the Americas before Columbus, but its exact arrival, spread, and origin remain unknown. Research continues to uncover the ancient history of this significant human pathogen.
Area of Science:
- Paleomicrobiology
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Ancient DNA Analysis
Background:
- The historical presence of tuberculosis in the New World prior to European contact is established.
- Significant debate persists regarding the introduction pathways and etiological agents of pre-Columbian tuberculosis.
Observation:
- The precise timing and mechanisms of tuberculosis introduction to the Americas are not fully understood.
- The specific Mycobacterium species responsible for pre-Columbian infections (Mycobacterium tuberculosis vs. Mycobacterium bovis) remain unidentified.
Findings:
- Established presence of tuberculosis in the New World before 1492.
- Uncertainty surrounding the introduction routes and timeline of the disease.
- Ongoing investigation into the causative agents of ancient tuberculosis strains.
Implications:
- Understanding ancient disease transmission provides insights into pathogen evolution.
- Clarifying the origins of New World tuberculosis can inform current public health strategies.
- This research contributes to the broader understanding of human migration and disease history.