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Multipotent stem cells in human corneal stroma.

Yiqin Du1, Martha L Funderburgh, Mary M Mann

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Eye Center, 1009 Eye and Ear Institute, 203 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2588, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|July 30, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers identified a novel stem cell population in the human cornea. These progenitor cells, expressing ABCG2, can differentiate into keratocytes, cartilage, and neural cells, offering potential for corneal repair and bioengineering.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Human corneal stromal keratocytes are crucial for vision but have limited self-renewal capacity.
  • Keratocyte division results in fibroblastic cells, leading to opaque tissue, impacting vision.
  • Identifying human keratocyte progenitor cells is essential for understanding corneal development and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize progenitor cells responsible for generating human keratocytes.
  • To investigate the differentiation potential of these identified progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of ABCG2-expressing side population (SP) cells from the human corneal limbus using Hoechst 33342 dye and cell sorting.
  • Analysis of SP cell marker expression (ABCG2, PAX6) and clonal growth.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Culturing cloned SP cells under specific conditions (fibroblast growth factor-2, chondrogenic, neurogenic) to assess differentiation potential and marker expression.

    • Main Results:

    • A distinct stromal cell population expressing ABCG2 and PAX6 was isolated as SP cells.
    • SP cells demonstrated clonal growth and multipotent differentiation into keratocyte-like cells, chondrocytes, and neuronal cells.
    • Differentiation involved downregulation of stem cell markers (ABCG2, PAX6) and upregulation of lineage-specific markers.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identifies a novel population of multipotent progenitor cells in the human corneal stroma.
    • These cells possess the potential to differentiate into keratocytes, suggesting they are human keratocyte progenitors.
    • These findings have significant implications for corneal development, wound healing research, and potential applications in corneal bioengineering and regenerative medicine.