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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin
Published on: November 26, 2013
Abstract:
The mechanism of plasminogen activation by streptokinase, tissue and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (PAs) were reviewed. The regulatory role of fibrin in plasminogen activation involving its direct interaction with tissue-type PA and indirect interaction with streptokinase and urokinase-type PAs was demonstrated. Recent information on the development of new PAs is also displayed. The result of studies of PA mutant derivatives synthesized by recombinant DNA techniques are discussed. Date on chimeric (hybrid) forms of PAs and their chemically synthesized conjugates are presented. The trend in search for PAs is analysed. A new direction in the study of PAs for combined plasminogen activation and the further development of the methods of thrombolytic therapy was outlined.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...

