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Symmetry-breaking motility.

Allen Lee1, Ha Youn Lee, Mehran Kardar

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 4, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Active motility, like bacterial movement via actin polymerization, is modeled using bead motion. Bead shape influences transitions between movement and rest, with non-Maxwellian velocity fluctuations observed.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Active motility is crucial in biological systems, exemplified by bacterial locomotion driven by actin polymerization.
  • In vitro systems, such as protein-coated beads, mimic active motion, providing models for fundamental physical principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a phenomenological model for the motion of active particles, specifically beads undergoing polymerization-driven propulsion.
  • To investigate the relationship between particle shape, phase transitions (moving vs. stationary states), and motility characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a phenomenological equation of motion based on local forces normal to the bead surface.
  • Analytical calculations and numerical simulations to determine phase behavior and universal features.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their correlation with particle shape.

    • Main Results:

    • Singularities in the transition between moving and stationary states are linked to the bead's shape symmetries.
    • Universal aspects of the phase diagram were determined analytically and validated through simulations.
    • Velocity fluctuations were found to be generally non-Maxwellian and dependent on bead geometry.

    Conclusions:

    • Particle shape is a critical factor governing the dynamics and phase transitions of active motile systems.
    • The developed model provides insights into the universal physics of active matter, applicable beyond the specific bead system.
    • Understanding these principles is essential for fields ranging from synthetic biology to materials science.