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Stroke in Latin America.

Erica C S Camargo1, Luiz A Bacheschi, Ayrton R Massaro

  • 1Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114-2622, USA. ecamargo@partners.org

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|October 4, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Stroke is a major cause of death in Latin America, influenced by socioeconomic factors and modifiable risks like hypertension, alcohol, and smoking. Unique regional diseases also contribute to stroke incidence and types, differing from North America and Europe.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Stroke represents a significant cause of mortality across Latin America.
  • Regional socioeconomic disparities influence stroke incidence and prevalence.
  • Uncontrolled hypertension is a primary stroke driver in Latin America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the epidemiology of stroke in Latin America.
  • To identify key risk factors, both common and region-specific.
  • To compare stroke patterns with other global regions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological data on stroke in Latin America.
  • Analysis of contributing risk factors, including hypertension, alcohol, and smoking.
  • Comparison of stroke subtypes and etiological factors with North America and Europe.

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Main Results:

  • Intracerebral hemorrhage and lacunar stroke are more prevalent in Latin America.
  • Modifiable risk factors like hypertension, heavy alcohol consumption, and smoking are significant contributors.
  • Endemic diseases such as neurocysticercosis, Chagas' disease, sickle cell anemia, malaria, hemorrhagic fever, and snake bites are identified as unique stroke causes.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke burden in Latin America is substantial, driven by common and unique regional factors.
  • Addressing hypertension and other modifiable risks is crucial for stroke prevention.
  • Understanding and managing endemic diseases is vital for reducing stroke in the region.