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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and systemic joint laxity.

L Westling1

  • 1Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

Swedish Dental Journal. Supplement
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Systemic joint laxity, an inherited condition, is a significant factor in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. This hypermobility impacts TMJ patients more than bruxism or jaw trauma.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Genetics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a prevalent condition with multifactorial causes.
  • Systemic joint laxity, an inherited trait, is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to TMJ dysfunction.
  • The interplay between joint laxity, bruxism, jaw trauma, and TMJ dysfunction requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of systemic joint laxity as an inherited disposition in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction.
  • To compare the significance of systemic joint laxity against other etiological factors like bruxism and jaw trauma in TMJ dysfunction.
  • To explore associated systemic manifestations, including collagen distribution and mitral valve function, in hypermobile TMJ patients.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed general joint mobility in 360 participants, comparing female craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) patients with controls.
  • Utilized multiple stepwise regression analysis to determine the importance of hypermobility versus bruxism in TMJ dysfunction.
  • Investigated collagen distribution via skin biopsy and mitral valve function through echocardiography in hypermobile TMJ patients and controls.

Main Results:

  • Hypermobility was significantly more prevalent in TMJ dysfunction patients compared to controls and other CMD patients.
  • Hypermobility emerged as a more significant factor for TMJ dysfunction than bruxism.
  • Jaw trauma correlated with TMJ dysfunction only in non-hypermobile patients; TMJ patients reported more musculoskeletal complaints.
  • Females exhibited significantly higher hypermobility than males in an adolescent cohort.
  • Hypermobile TMJ patients showed increased mitral valve insufficiency and altered collagen composition (lower total collagen, higher Type III/ (I+III) ratio).

Conclusions:

  • Systemic joint laxity is a crucial predisposing factor for temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
  • Hypermobility influences TMJ dysfunction more significantly than bruxism or jaw trauma in most cases.
  • Altered collagen metabolism and cardiac valve function may be associated systemic manifestations of joint laxity in TMJ patients.

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