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Related Experiment Videos

Development of metabolic systems.

Kevin L Grove1, Bernadette E Grayson, Maria M Glavas

  • 1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States. grovek@ohsu.edu

Physiology & Behavior
|November 18, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Maternal diet impacts offspring

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Developmental biology
  • Metabolic research

Background:

  • Arcuate nucleus (ARH) neurons in rodents and primates transmit metabolic signals to hypothalamic feeding/energy expenditure circuits.
  • ARH projection development timing differs significantly between rodents (postnatal week 3) and nonhuman primates (NHP) (3rd trimester).
  • This species difference highlights the potential roles of maternal factors in primate ARH development versus postnatal environment in rodents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how maternal diet and health influence offspring's hypothalamic development and metabolic regulation.
  • Examine long-term consequences of developmental perturbations in hypothalamic feeding circuits.
  • Compare rodent and NHP models to understand species-specific critical developmental periods and maternal influences.

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Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rat model of postnatal overfeeding and underfeeding to study hypothalamic circuitry adaptations.
  • Induced obesity and diabetes in female NHPs using a high-fat/calorie diet.
  • Monitored insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia in maternal NHPs and collected offspring for ongoing analysis.

Main Results:

  • Overfed/underfed rats showed adult obesity/leanness, respectively, but both had low insulin and IGFII levels and abnormal peripheral gene expression.
  • Maternal NHP diet induction of obesity/diabetes characterized over 2.5 years.
  • Offspring from these NHP models are being studied for metabolic abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Early-life nutrition significantly impacts hypothalamic development and long-term metabolic health.
  • Maternal metabolic status, particularly in primates, is crucial for offspring's neurodevelopment and metabolic programming.
  • Gestational diabetes and obesity may program offspring for metabolic dysfunction, warranting further investigation in NHP models.