Management of radiation-induced head and neck injury

Toxicity from H&N cancer irradiation is complex and multifactorial. The nature and severity of the side effect profile for a given patient result from the interplay of patient-related, tumor-related, and treatment-factors. Among the side effects studied, skin toxicity and mucositis represent the most common acute effects of irradiation. Supportive care is essential to prevent superimposed infection and other complications that might lead to treatment breaks or, in extreme cases, discontinuation of therapy. Technological advances with conformal radiotherapy techniques have allowed for increasing salivary gland sparing. Further protection may be achieved with existing and future medical therapies. Swallowing dysfunction following chemoradiation for laryngeal cancer is significant and may persist for 1-2 years. Efforts should be made to ensure proper patient education and reassurance in this regard.