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Strong coupling between single photons in semiconductor microcavities.

William T M Irvine1, Kevin Hennessy, Dirk Bouwmeester

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. william@physics.ucsb.edu

Physical Review Letters
|February 21, 2006
PubMed
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Strong photon-photon coupling in semiconductor microcavities is achievable with current technology using a weak coherent state to enhance nonlinear interactions. Unstimulated strong coupling requires significant improvements in microcavity quality factors.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Nonlinear optics

Background:

  • Strong coupling between light and matter is fundamental for quantum technologies.
  • Semiconductor microcavities offer a promising platform for controlling light-matter interactions.
  • Nonlinear optical effects, such as chi2 nonlinearity, are crucial for manipulating photons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the observability of strong coupling between single photons in semiconductor microcavities.
  • To propose and analyze practical schemes for achieving this strong coupling.
  • To assess the feasibility of implementation in different microcavity systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of two distinct schemes for strong photon-photon coupling.
  • Investigation of nonlinear coupling mediated by chi2 nonlinearity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Feasibility analysis in GaAs-based photonic crystal defects, micropillars, and microdisks.

    • Main Results:

    • Strong coupling between two modes occupied by a single photon is within reach using a weak coherent state to enhance chi2 interaction.
    • Current technology can achieve this regime in GaAs microcavities.
    • Unstimulated strong coupling of a single photon and a photon pair is highly challenging.

    Conclusions:

    • Achieving strong photon-photon coupling in semiconductor microcavities is feasible with current technology under specific conditions.
    • Enhancing nonlinear interactions is key to reaching the strong coupling regime.
    • Significant improvements in microcavity quality factors are needed for unstimulated strong coupling.