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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

Blast lung injury.

Scott M Sasser¹, Richard W Sattin, Richard C Hunt

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. ssasser@emory.edu

Prehospital Emergency Care

|March 15, 2006

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Emergency responders need to understand explosion physics and blast injuries, particularly "blast lung." Prompt recognition and management, including oxygen and airway support, are crucial for survival.

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Area of Science:

Emergency Medicine
Trauma Surgery
Explosion Physics

Background:

Global terrorism necessitates understanding explosion-related injuries for acute care clinicians.
Explosive detonations generate blast waves, causing primary blast injuries affecting gas-filled organs.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the physics of explosions.
To describe blast injury types and management strategies.
To detail the diagnosis and treatment of blast lung injury.

Main Methods:

Review of explosion physics and blast wave mechanics.
Analysis of primary blast injury mechanisms and affected organs.
Description of clinical presentation, diagnostic aids, and emergency interventions for blast lung.

Main Results:

Primary blast injuries result from blast wave forces impacting gas-containing structures like the lungs.
"Blast lung" presents as respiratory distress and hypoxia, often without external chest trauma.
Management includes oxygen, airway support, chest tube insertion, mechanical ventilation, and fluid management.

Conclusions:

Acute care clinicians must grasp explosion physics and blast injury management.
Early recognition and intervention are vital for patients with blast lung.
Comprehensive management strategies improve outcomes for blast-injured patients.