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Off-diagonal long-range order in solid 4He.

Bryan K Clark1, D M Ceperley

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 12, 2006
PubMed
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Solid helium-4 (4He) exhibits supersolid behavior, but path integral Monte Carlo simulations reveal no off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO), challenging previous findings and suggesting correlations suppress vacancies and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC).

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Low-temperature physics

Background:

  • Experimental measurements suggest solid helium-4 (4He) behaves as a supersolid at low temperatures.
  • The nature of order in solid 4He, particularly the presence of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-like phenomena, remains an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO), equivalent to BEC, in a defect-free hcp crystal of solid 4He.
  • To understand the quantum mechanical ordering in solid 4He and its relation to proposed quantum solid trial functions.

Main Methods:

  • Path integral Monte Carlo simulations were employed to calculate ODLRO.
  • Simulations focused on a defect-free hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal of 4He at its melting density.

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Main Results:

  • The study did not find evidence of ODLRO in the simulated defect-free hcp solid 4He.
  • The results indicate that correlations within the solid 4He wave function suppress both vacancies and BEC.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the interpretation of experimental measurements suggesting supersolid behavior due to BEC in defect-free solid 4He.
  • The solid 4He wave function's correlations play a crucial role in suppressing quantum phenomena like BEC and the formation of vacancies.