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Dynamics of suppression in macaque primary visual cortex.

Matthew A Smith1, Wyeth Bair, J Anthony Movshon

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. mattsmith@cmu.edu

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 5, 2006
PubMed
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Cross-orientation suppression in the visual cortex is very fast, occurring before excitatory responses. This suggests rapid neural pathways, unlike slower surround suppression mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) exhibit reduced responses to optimal stimuli due to cross-orientation suppression (orthogonal mask) and surround suppression (parallel stimulus outside the classical receptive field - CRF).
  • Understanding the temporal dynamics of these suppression mechanisms is crucial for elucidating neural processing in V1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time course of cross-orientation suppression using a novel stimulus.
  • To compare the temporal dynamics of cross-orientation suppression with surround suppression within the same V1 neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel stimulus paradigm to precisely measure the onset and duration of cross-orientation suppression.
  • Recorded neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) to both optimal excitatory stimuli and suppressive stimuli (orthogonal masks and surround stimuli).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed the timing of suppression relative to excitatory responses and stimulus offset responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Cross-orientation suppression initiates very rapidly, preceding the response to optimal excitatory stimuli.
    • Suppression occurs with a delay relative to the offset response, which reflects early excitatory signals reaching the CRF.
    • Cross-orientation suppression begins significantly earlier than surround suppression in the same V1 neurons.

    Conclusions:

    • The rapid onset of cross-orientation suppression suggests involvement of direct feedforward pathways or fast local interneurons within V1.
    • Surround suppression, in contrast, appears to involve feedback from higher cortical areas.
    • These findings indicate distinct neural mechanisms underlying suppression originating inside versus outside the classical receptive field.