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Related Experiment Videos

Malaria surveillance--United States, 2004.

Jacek Skarbinski1, Eliades M James, Louise M Causer

  • 1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jskarbinski@cdc.gov

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002)
|May 26, 2006
PubMed
Summary

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Malaria cases in the U.S. increased slightly in 2004, primarily due to travel to the Americas. Most travelers who contracted malaria abroad did not follow recommended preventive drug regimens.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Malaria is a serious protozoan infection transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
  • In the U.S., malaria cases are typically imported through travel, but local transmission, congenital cases, and blood product exposure can occur.
  • Surveillance is crucial for tracking malaria and informing prevention strategies.

Observation:

  • In 2004, 1,324 malaria cases were reported in the U.S., a 3.6% increase from 2003.
  • Plasmodium falciparum was the most common species (49.6%), followed by P. vivax (23.8%).
  • Cases acquired in the Americas increased significantly, while those from Africa and Asia decreased.

Findings:

  • Only 20.6% of U.S. civilians who acquired malaria abroad reported using CDC-recommended chemoprophylaxis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Four cases were acquired within the U.S., including three congenital and one laboratory-related transmission.
  • Four deaths were reported, linked to P. falciparum, P. vivax, or mixed infections.

    • Implications:

    • The increase in malaria cases may reflect travel patterns and adherence to preventive measures.
    • Adherence to chemoprophylaxis and personal protective measures is critical for travelers.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent fatal outcomes; travelers with symptoms should report travel history.