Alcohol dependence: international policy implications for prison populations

Area of Science:

• Forensic Psychiatry
• Addiction Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant concern in correctional facilities.
• Previous research has often focused on drug abuse in inmate populations.
• This study compares SUD prevalence in UK and US prison inmates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the relative prevalence of various substance use disorders among incarcerated individuals in the UK.
• To compare these findings with a large US inmate sample.
• To identify the most prevalent SUDs for informing treatment and policy.

Main Methods:

• A structured diagnostic interview (CAAPE) was administered to 155 UK prison admissions.
• A US sample of 6,881 male inmates was assessed using an automated SUDDS-IV interview.
• Prevalence rates for alcohol and drug abuse and dependence were calculated.

Main Results:

• Alcohol dependence was the most prevalent substance use disorder in both UK and US incarcerated populations.
• Dependence was more common than abuse for all substances examined, aligning with diagnostic criteria.
• Findings highlight the significant burden of alcohol dependence in correctional settings.

Conclusions:

• Alcohol dependence, not illicit drug abuse, is the primary SUD concern in both US and UK prisons.
• Treatment programs and policy priorities for incarcerated populations must address alcohol dependence.
• These findings underscore the need for comprehensive screening and intervention for alcohol use disorders in correctional facilities.