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Cortically controlled brain-machine interface.
N Hatsopoulos1, Jon Mukand, Gary Polykoff
1Dept. of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Brown University, Providence, RI, Sargent Rehabilitation Center, Providence, RI, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, Cyberkinetics, Inc. Foxboro, MA.
This study demonstrates brain-computer interface (BCI) technology using multi-electrode arrays for chronic cortical recordings. This enables tetraplegic patients to control external devices, moving towards hybrid BCI systems.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rehabilitation Technology
Background:
- Chronic cortical recordings are essential for advanced brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
- Previous research has focused on single-mode control from motor cortex signals.
- Developing robust, long-term neural recording systems is critical for clinical translation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate a multi-electrode array for chronic cortical recordings in non-human primates.
- To demonstrate real-time decoding of neural signals for goal-directed behavior.
- To explore multi-modal control strategies for hybrid BCIs.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a multi-electrode array for chronic cortical recordings in behaving non-human primates.
- Developed a closed-loop, real-time system for decoding neural signals.
- Conducted a FDA clinical trial with a tetraplegic patient using the BCI system.
Main Results:
- Successfully recorded dozens of single units in the motor cortex over extended periods.
- Enabled a tetraplegic patient to control a computer cursor via motor cortical activity.
- Showcased distinct control capabilities between primary motor cortex (continuous) and premotor cortex (discrete) signals.
Conclusions:
- Multi-electrode arrays are feasible for chronic cortical recordings and BCI applications.
- Neural decoding allows for volitional control of external devices by paralyzed individuals.
- A hybrid BCI approach, switching between discrete and continuous control, offers enhanced functionality.
