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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.

L Chapidze¹, S Kapanadze, N Dolidze

¹Emergency Cardiology Center, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Georgian Medical News

|March 1, 2007

Summary

Endothelial dysfunction, indicated by abnormal plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels, is linked to coronary atherosclerosis. Lower NO concentrations correlate with more severe disease, suggesting NO measurement aids in managing atherosclerosis progression.

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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Biochemistry

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction is an early, non-traditional risk factor in coronary atherosclerosis.
It plays a role in plaque initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess endothelial function by measuring plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
To investigate the relationship between NO levels and the extent of coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study design.
Plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured in 157 patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
Comparison of NO levels between patients and healthy subjects.

Main Results:

Patients with coronary atherosclerosis had significantly lower mean plasma NO levels (11.1±2.52 μmol/L) compared to healthy subjects (22.3±3.27 μmol/L, p<0.01).
Only 17% of patients had normal NO levels; 59% had low and 24% had high levels.
A statistically significant negative correlation was found between plasma NO levels and the extent of coronary artery disease, with the lowest levels in patients with three-vessel disease.

Conclusions:

Plasma NO concentration measurement provides valuable information for cardiologists.
Modifying abnormal NO levels may help delay atherosclerotic progression and prevent recurrent coronary events.