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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components
04:36

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

Published on: July 11, 2025

Adverse effects when injecting facial fillers.

Hayes B Gladstone1, Joel L Cohen

  • 1Division of Dermatologic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. hbglad@stanford.edu

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|March 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Facial fillers offer temporary rejuvenation but can cause complications like bruising or necrosis. Understanding anatomy and technique minimizes risks, while prompt management is key for adverse events.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components
04:36

Innovative Adipose Tissue Fractionation for Transforming Fat into Specialized Components

Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Dermatology
  • Facial Aesthetics
  • Dermatologic Surgery

Background:

  • Facial soft-tissue augmentation with fillers is a common cosmetic dermatology procedure.
  • Fillers are used to correct rhytides, creases, and defects, resulting in a rejuvenated appearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential complications associated with facial soft-tissue augmentation.
  • To emphasize the importance of anatomical knowledge, filler limitations, and proper technique in minimizing adverse events.
  • To outline management strategies for filler-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on facial anatomy, filler properties, and complication management.
  • Analysis of early and late adverse effects, ranging from bruising to necrosis.

Main Results:

  • Complications from facial fillers can occur even with experienced injectors.
  • Adverse effects are categorized as early or late.
  • Risk reduction strategies include understanding anatomy, filler limitations, and injection techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Proper patient selection, training, and technique are crucial for safe facial filler augmentation.
  • Practitioners must be prepared to manage complications, from observation to surgical intervention.