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Anaphylactic reactions during immunotherapy.

Maziar Rezvani1, David I Bernstein

  • 1Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0563, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|May 12, 2007
PubMed
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Subcutaneous immunotherapy (IT) using allergen extracts can cause severe anaphylaxis. This review examines severe reactions, contributing factors, and preventive strategies to improve patient safety during allergy treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Subcutaneous immunotherapy (IT) is a long-standing treatment for allergies using aeroallergen extracts.
  • A significant risk of IT is severe, potentially fatal anaphylaxis following injections.
  • Balancing the benefits of IT against its risks is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review incidences of severe anaphylaxis (near-fatal and fatal) from aeroallergen IT.
  • To identify factors contributing to severe anaphylactic events.
  • To propose preventive measures to minimize future severe reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported cases of severe anaphylaxis during subcutaneous immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of contributing factors associated with these severe events.

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  • Synthesis of evidence to recommend preventive strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Severe anaphylaxis, though uncommon, is a serious risk associated with aeroallergen IT.
    • Identified factors contributing to severe reactions include allergen type, dose, and patient-specific variables.
    • Preventive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of severe anaphylactic events.

    Conclusions:

    • Subcutaneous immunotherapy carries a risk of severe anaphylaxis that requires careful management.
    • Understanding risk factors and implementing preventive strategies are essential for safe IT administration.
    • The benefits of immunotherapy should be carefully weighed against the potential for severe adverse events.