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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: October 13, 2016
[Psychometry of dementias at debate]
J Peña-Casanova1, A Monllau, N Gramunt Fombuena
1Sección de Neurología de la Conducta y Demencias, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona. jpcasanova@imas.imim.es
Abstract:
The accurate diagnosis of dementias and the screening of cognitive impairment constitute a key to attend to the sociodemographical needs. This paper states the aims of screening and diagnosis, the tools used and their main psychometric features, especially, reliability and validity. The need to critically review the publications on this subject is highlighted and the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) are mentioned. In addition, some proposals and recommendations from literature are cited and reviewed. Finally, the tests studied and used most by Spanish neurologists are commented on. The MMSE (Mini-Mental Status Examination), the MIS (Memory Impairment Screen) and the Eurotest stand out.
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