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A Multi-detection Assay for Malaria Transmitting Mosquitoes
Published on: February 28, 2015
Malaria surveillance - United States, 2005
Julie Thwing1, Jacek Skarbinski, Robert D Newman
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. fez3@cdc.gov
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002)
|June 9, 2007
Summary
Malaria cases in the U.S. increased by 15.4% in 2005, primarily due to travel to the Americas and Asia. Most travelers did not use malaria prevention drugs, highlighting the need for adherence to chemoprophylaxis and protective measures.
Area of Science:
- Medical Entomology
- Infectious Diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and caused by Plasmodium parasites.
- In the U.S., malaria cases are mainly imported through travel, with rare local transmission.
- Surveillance identifies transmission and informs prevention for travelers.
Observation:
- In 2005, 1,528 malaria cases were reported in the U.S., a 15.4% increase from 2004.
- Plasmodium falciparum was the most common species (48.6%), followed by P. vivax (22.1%).
- Increases in cases were noted from the Americas and Asia/Middle East.
Findings:
- Travelers returning from West Africa had the highest estimated malaria case rates.
- Only 18.4% of U.S. civilians who acquired malaria abroad reported using recommended chemoprophylaxis.
- Two cases were acquired in the U.S. via congenital transmission, both P. vivax.
Implications:
- Increased travel to endemic areas and potentially improved reporting contributed to the rise in malaria cases.
- Non-adherence to chemoprophylaxis among travelers is a significant issue.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial, as malaria can be fatal.
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