Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
05:11
High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
Published on: June 27, 2025
Development and performance characterization of a new standard mercury manometer.
H M Akram1, M Maqsood, Haris Rashid
1Centre for High Energy Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.
The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 4, 2007
Summary
A novel, low-cost mercury manometer was developed for calibrating low vacuum gauges. This simple, accurate instrument achieves relative uncertainty within 10(-4) for pressures down to 1 mbar.
Area of Science:
- Metrology
- Vacuum Technology
- Instrumentation
Background:
- Accurate calibration of low vacuum gauges is critical for scientific and industrial applications.
- Existing calibration methods can be costly and complex.
- A need exists for a simple, cost-effective, and accurate low vacuum calibration standard.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a new standard mercury manometer for calibrating low vacuum gauges.
- To assess the performance and uncertainty of the developed manometer.
- To provide a cost-effective and accurate calibration tool for the pressure range from atmospheric pressure to 1 mbar.
Main Methods:
- Design and fabrication of a novel mercury manometer using a stainless steel cistern and glass tube.
- Calibration of the manometer's performance against a calibrated capacitance diaphragm gauge.
- Detailed analysis of pressure uncertainties and evaluation of correction factors.
Main Results:
- The developed mercury manometer offers a simple design, compact fabrication, and improved accuracy.
- Performance evaluation yielded an average correction factor of 0.998 when compared to a secondary standard.
- Relative uncertainty was found to be in the range of 10(-4) at higher pressures, meeting required limits.
Conclusions:
- The new mercury manometer is a viable, low-cost standard for calibrating low vacuum gauges.
- The instrument demonstrates good accuracy and stability, suitable for the specified pressure range.
- The developed manometer provides a reliable and accessible calibration solution for low vacuum measurements.
Related Concept Videos
02:57Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer
Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
01:16Measurement of Fluid Pressure
Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
01:30Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure
Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
01:20Pressure Gauges
Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
01:28Pipe Flowrate Measurement
In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...
The orifice meter is a simple,...
01:22Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale
The definition of temperature in terms of molecular motion suggests that there should be a lowest possible temperature, where the average kinetic energy of molecules is zero (or the minimum allowed by quantum mechanics). Experiments confirm the existence of such a temperature, called absolute zero. An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities, such as the volume of an ideal gas, are directly...