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Classification accuracy across multiple tests following item method directed forgetting.

Phillip N Goernert1, Robert L Widner, Hajime Otani

  • 1Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. goernertp@brandonu.ca

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
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Directed forgetting research shows that remembering items (TBR) leads to better recall than forgetting items (TBF). While hypermnesia increased recall, it reduced the accuracy of remembering which items to forget or remember.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Directed Forgetting

Background:

  • The directed forgetting effect demonstrates that instructions to forget (TBF items) impair subsequent memory recall compared to instructions to remember (TBR items).
  • Hypermnesia, a phenomenon where recall performance improves over time across repeated tests, has been observed in various memory paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between directed forgetting and hypermnesia in visual memory recall.
  • To examine how recall accuracy and source memory (instructional designation) are affected by repeated testing under directed forgetting conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied line-drawing pictures presented with instructions to either remember (TBR) or forget (TBF).
  • Recall was assessed across three separate 7-minute tests.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Both net recall (total recalled items) and correctly classified recall (items recalled with correct instructional designation) were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Directed forgetting was evident in both net recall and correctly classified recall, with TBR items consistently recalled better than TBF items.
    • Hypermnesia was observed for net recall of both TBR and TBF items, showing improvement across tests.
    • However, the accuracy of correctly classifying the instructional designation for recalled items decreased across tests for both TBR and TBF items.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypermnesia can occur with directed forgetting, leading to increased overall recall of to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten items.
    • This improvement in recall comes at the expense of accurate source memory, indicating a trade-off between recall quantity and memory accuracy.
    • The findings suggest that while memory can improve over time, the ability to distinguish between remembered and forgotten items diminishes.