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Published on: July 14, 2023
Hyperparathyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy
Shanthi M Colaço1, Ming Si, Emily Reiff
1Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco and UCSF/Mt Zion Medical Center, 1600 Divisadero Street, #C347, San Francisco, CA 94143-1674, USA.
American Journal of Surgery
|August 19, 2007
Summary
Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment may lead to primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The risk of developing HPT after RAI exposure increases with age, necessitating serum calcium monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nuclear Medicine
- Oncology
Background:
- Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is a recognized treatment for thyroid conditions.
- Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between RAI exposure and the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment and primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT).
- To evaluate the latency period and risk factors for HPT development post-RAI exposure.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of 11 patients with HPT and a history of RAI exposure.
- Compilation and analysis of 36 additional cases from existing literature.
- Evaluation of patient demographics, clinical data, and time to HPT diagnosis after RAI.
Main Results:
- Eleven patients with HPT and prior RAI exposure were identified and treated.
- RAI was primarily used for benign thyroid conditions (82% of cases).
- The average latency to HPT development was 13.5 years, inversely correlated with age at RAI exposure.
Conclusions:
- Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is associated with an increased risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT).
- The risk of HPT following RAI exposure is higher in elderly patients.
- Routine serum calcium monitoring is recommended for individuals who have undergone RAI treatment.
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