Evaluation and management of neck trauma

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Trauma Surgery
• Anesthesiology

Background:

• Blunt and penetrating neck trauma present significant life-threatening risks.
• Prompt evaluation and management are critical for patient survival.
• Injuries can affect vital aerodigestive and vascular structures, as well as the cervical spine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated literature review on the evaluation and management of neck trauma.
• To highlight challenges in airway management for patients with neck injuries.
• To include a review of cervical spine injuries associated with penetrating neck trauma.

Main Methods:

• Literature-based review of existing studies and clinical guidelines.
• Synthesis of current evidence regarding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Focus on emergency department and trauma surgery interventions.

Main Results:

• Neck trauma requires immediate, multidisciplinary intervention.
• Aerodigestive and vascular injuries necessitate specialized management.
• Securing a definitive airway can be complex, requiring diverse techniques.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of neck trauma relies on rapid assessment and intervention.
• Airway compromise is a frequent and serious complication.
• A thorough understanding of anatomy and multiple airway strategies is essential for emergency physicians and trauma surgeons.