[Diseases caused by bacteria and rickettsia in biological warfare and bioterrorism]

Until recently, the use of biological weapons was considered more from an academic than practical point of view. The list of agents and/or toxins that can be used as biological weapons is long. Some of them are highly lethal, while others cause morbidity and disability.

Bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, protozoa and toxins can all be used as biological weapons. The infection may be acquired by inhalation of aerosols, ingestion of contaminated water or food or direct contact with infectious agents. Early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of these patients is of utmost importance. Special attention must be given to the use of genetically modified microorganisms. Medical protection from biological weapons is very important as well as continuous education.

This article describes the main clinical characteristics of anthrax, cholera, plague, Q fever, tularemia, brucellosis, and glanders, as biological weapons, their diagnostics, treatment and basic prevention measures.