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Intelligence and the developing human brain.

Philip Shaw1

  • 110 Center Drive, 3N202, Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1600, USA. shawp@mail.nih.gov

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|September 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Brain structure and connectivity, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, are linked to intelligence differences. These brain traits change rapidly in childhood and have a genetic basis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early research linked intelligence to grey and white matter volumes.
  • Current understanding involves distributed brain networks and their connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neuroanatomic and genetic underpinnings of individual differences in intelligence.
  • To understand the dynamic nature of intelligence-related brain changes.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo neuroimaging (structural and functional) to map brain networks.
  • Longitudinal studies to track developmental changes.
  • Candidate gene analysis for genetic correlations.

Main Results:

  • Intelligence correlates with the extent and connectivity of distributed brain networks, especially in the lateral prefrontal cortex.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Neuroanatomic correlates of intelligence exhibit rapid changes during early childhood.
  • Genetic factors influence both cortical morphology and intelligence.

    • Conclusions:

    • Intelligence is associated with complex, dynamic, and genetically influenced brain network properties.
    • Future research should focus on cellular mechanisms underlying these neuroanatomic differences.