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Accelerated 3D echo-planar spectroscopic imaging at 4 Tesla using modified blipped phase-encoding.

Andreas Ebel1, Norbert Schuff

  • 1Northern California Institute for Research and Education, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA. andreas.ebel@ucsf.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|October 31, 2007
PubMed
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This study introduces a novel method for faster whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) by strategically placing phase-encoding gradients. The technique significantly reduces metabolite ghosting in echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) scans.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Spectroscopic Imaging

Background:

  • Whole-brain echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) is crucial for metabolic profiling but often requires lengthy MRI/MRSI acquisition times.
  • Previous methods to reduce acquisition time by a factor of two, by phase-encoding even echoes interstitially, suffered from ghosting due to B(0) inhomogeneities and gradient imbalance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified blipped phase-encoding (PE) gradient strategy for echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) to reduce acquisition time while minimizing ghosting artifacts.
  • To improve the efficiency and robustness of whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A novel approach was implemented by positioning the blipped PE gradient between pairs of even and odd echo gradient lobes during the EPSI readout.

Related Experiment Videos

  • This method was validated using phantom studies and in vivo imaging of the normal human brain at 4 Tesla.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed technique significantly reduced metabolite ghosting artifacts in the phase-encoding direction compared to previous methods.
    • Acquisition time for whole-brain EPSI was effectively halved.
    • A potential limitation identified was the presence of a notable spurious signal at the Nyquist frequency.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified blipped PE gradient placement offers a substantial improvement for reducing ghosting in accelerated whole-brain EPSI.
    • This advancement facilitates faster and more reliable MRSI protocols for in vivo brain studies, despite a minor signal artifact concern.