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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

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White and Brown Adipose Grafts: An Approach to Correct Reproductive, Metabolic, and Renal Deficits in Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) Obese Mice
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White and Brown Adipose Grafts: An Approach to Correct Reproductive, Metabolic, and Renal Deficits in Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) Obese Mice

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Obesity and infertility.

Renato Pasquali1, Laura Patton, Alessandra Gambineri

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. renato.pasquali@unibo.it

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Obesity negatively impacts fertility in both women and men. Factors like insulin resistance in women and low testosterone in men contribute to infertility and reproductive health issues.

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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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White and Brown Adipose Grafts: An Approach to Correct Reproductive, Metabolic, and Renal Deficits in Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) Obese Mice
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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

Published on: March 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder with widespread health implications.
  • Reproductive health is significantly influenced by hormonal balance and metabolic status.
  • Increasing global obesity rates necessitate understanding its impact on fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary factors linking obesity to impaired fertility in both sexes.
  • To highlight the mechanisms through which obesity affects reproductive outcomes.
  • To emphasize the clinical significance of obesity management for fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obesity and fertility.
  • Analysis of hormonal and metabolic pathways involved.
  • Synthesis of findings on reproductive outcomes in obese individuals.

Main Results:

  • Obesity in women is associated with menstrual irregularities, anovulation, infertility, and increased miscarriage risk.
  • Insulin resistance and excess insulin are key factors in obesity-related female infertility, particularly in polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • Obesity in men correlates with reduced testosterone, impaired spermatogenesis, and increased erectile dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity poses a significant threat to fertility in both women and men.
  • Addressing obesity is crucial for improving reproductive health, especially before assisted reproductive technologies.
  • Treating obesity can ameliorate hormonal imbalances and erectile dysfunction, thereby enhancing male fertility.