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Purely elastic flow asymmetries.

R J Poole1, M A Alves, P J Oliveira

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GH United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|November 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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The flow of viscoelastic fluids in a symmetric cross-slot can become asymmetric due to elastic forces. Inertia helps stabilize this flow, matching experimental observations.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Rheology
  • Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics

Background:

  • Viscoelastic fluids exhibit both viscous and elastic properties.
  • The upper-convected Maxwell model is a fundamental model for differential viscoelastic fluids.
  • Flow in symmetric geometries can unexpectedly lead to asymmetric states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the flow behavior of the upper-convected Maxwell model in a cross-slot geometry.
  • To determine the nature of the asymmetry observed in the flow.
  • To understand the role of elasticity and inertia in this phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of fluid flow.
  • Analysis of the upper-convected Maxwell model.
  • Investigation of bifurcations to steady states.

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Main Results:

  • The flow of the upper-convected Maxwell model exhibits a bifurcation to a steady asymmetric state.
  • The observed asymmetry is primarily driven by elastic effects.
  • Inertia acts as a stabilizing factor, counteracting the asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Elasticity is the dominant factor causing flow asymmetry in this viscoelastic model.
  • Inertia plays a stabilizing role in viscoelastic flows within symmetric geometries.
  • Numerical findings align with recent experimental visualizations in microfluidics.