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Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors
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Radiation-induced adaptive response in fish cell lines.

Lorna A Ryan1, Colin B Seymour, Alicia O'Neill-Mehlenbacher

  • 1Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Low-dose radiation exposure did not induce a protective adaptive response in fish cells; instead, it sensitized them to higher doses. A bystander effect was observed, suggesting inverse correlations and distinct mechanisms for these radiation responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Low-dose radiation effects are of significant interest, particularly in non-human species.
  • The adaptive response and bystander effect are known radiation phenomena, but their interplay and mechanisms require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gamma radiation-induced adaptive response and bystander effects in three fish cell lines: Chinook salmon (CHSE-214), rainbow trout (RTG-2), and zebrafish (ZEB-2J).
  • To determine cell survival and characterize dose-response relationships following low-dose radiation exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Colony forming assay was used to determine cell survival after direct radiation exposure.
  • A 0.1 Gy priming dose was administered before challenge doses to assess adaptive response.

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  • Bystander effects were examined by exposing unirradiated reporter cells to medium from irradiated fish cell cultures.

    • Main Results:

    • All cell lines exhibited a non-linear dose response to radiation.
    • ZEB-2J cells showed hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) at doses below 0.5 Gy.
    • A protective adaptive response was not observed; instead, a 0.1 Gy priming dose sensitized cells to subsequent high doses.
    • CHSE-214 cells showed increased sensitivity with a 4-hour interval between priming and challenge doses, but not at longer intervals.
    • A protective bystander response was observed, with irradiated medium increasing cloning efficiency in unirradiated cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Fish cell lines do not exhibit a typical protective adaptive response to low-dose radiation; they become sensitized.
    • The adaptive response and bystander effect in these fish cells appear inversely correlated and likely involve different underlying mechanisms, consistent with findings in mammalian cells.