Auditory-visual integration for speech by children with and without specific language impairment.
Linda W Norrix1, Elena Plante, Rebecca Vance
1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210071, 1131 East 2nd Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0071, USA. norrix@email.arizona.edu
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|December 7, 2007
Summary
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) show reduced auditory-visual integration in speech perception. Their ability to combine visual cues with sound is less affected by conflicting information compared to typically developing peers.
Area of Science:
- Speech perception research
- Developmental linguistics
- Auditory-visual integration
Background:
- Children with specific language impairment (SLI) often exhibit challenges in auditory speech perception.
- Speech perception relies on integrating auditory and visual articulatory information.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate auditory-visual integration in preschool children with and without SLI.
- To examine the influence of visual articulatory cues on speech perception in children with SLI.
Main Methods:
- Fifty-six preschool children (half with SLI) participated.
- Participants viewed and listened to video clips of spoken syllables ([bi], [gi]) and listened to audio-only syllables ([bi], [di], [gi]).
- The McGurk effect was assessed using incongruent auditory-visual stimuli (auditory [bi] with visual [gi]).
Main Results:
- Both groups performed perfectly in auditory-only and congruent auditory-visual conditions.
- Children with SLI demonstrated a weaker McGurk effect than the normal language group in the incongruent condition.
Conclusions:
- Children with SLI are less influenced by visual speech information compared to typically developing children.
- Difficulties in speech perception for children with SLI extend to the auditory-visual modality, not just auditory-only processing.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Visual System
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
01:25Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
01:12Visual Agnosia
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:29Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...