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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein Role in thyroid function and organogenesis.

S Kimura1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP), also known as TTF-1, regulates gene expression in the thyroid and lung. Its absence in mutant mice results in the failure of thyroid, lung, and brain development.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP), also known as thyroid-specific transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), is a key regulator of gene expression.
  • It is involved in the tissue-specific expression of genes crucial for thyroid and lung function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of T/EBP in gene regulation and organogenesis.
  • To understand the broader developmental functions of T/EBP beyond its role as a transcription factor.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of a mutant mouse model lacking T/EBP expression.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns in thyroid and lung tissues.
  • Assessment of organ development in T/EBP-deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • T/EBP is essential for the expression of thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, and thyrotropin receptor in the thyroid.
  • T/EBP regulates surfactant proteins and Clara cell secretory protein in the lung.
  • Mutant mice lacking T/EBP exhibited severe defects, including the absence of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.

Conclusions:

  • T/EBP acts as a critical trans-activating factor for specific gene expression in the thyroid and lung.
  • T/EBP is indispensable for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.
  • These findings highlight T/EBP's multifaceted role in both gene regulation and embryonic development.