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Autoimmune hypophysitis.

S Ezzat1, R G Josse

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Wellesley Hospital,Toronto, Ontario,CanadaM4Y-1J3.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Autoimmune hypophysitis is a rare autoimmune endocrine disease, predominantly affecting females, especially during pregnancy. It involves inflammation and destruction of the pituitary gland, requiring inclusion in differential diagnoses for pituitary disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autoimmune hypophysitis is a distinct clinicopathological entity.
  • It is a rare autoimmune endocrine disease, with nearly a hundred cases reported.
  • The condition predominantly affects females (9:1 ratio) and is associated with pregnancy and postpartum states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe autoimmune hypophysitis as a specific disease entity.
  • To highlight its clinical and pathological features.
  • To emphasize its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of pituitary disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reported cases of autoimmune hypophysitis.
  • Clinical and pathological analysis of the condition.
  • Differential diagnosis considerations for pituitary disorders.

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Main Results:

  • Autoimmune hypophysitis targets the anterior pituitary, and sometimes the neurohypophysis.
  • Pituitary hyperfunction, notably hyperprolactinemia, can occur during disease progression.
  • The disease is more prevalent in females and linked to pregnancy/postpartum periods.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune hypophysitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pituitary enlargement, especially in females with pregnancy-related symptoms.
  • This condition may be part of the spectrum of polyglandular autoimmune endocrine disorders.