Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
Published on: December 4, 2016
'Low mileage bias' and related policy implications--a cautionary note
Loren Staplin1, Kenneth W Gish, John Joyce
1TransAnalytics, LLC 1722 Sumneytown Pike, Box 328, Kulpsville, PA 19443, USA. lstaplin@transanalytics.com
Abstract:
This research examined a relationship asserted in recent literature in the field of traffic safety and injury prevention--that a significant indicator for elevated crash risk among older drivers, and potential trigger for individualized assessment at license renewal, is a low (<3000 km) annual driving distance. Sampling problems in earlier reports, in particular a reliance on self-report measures of both exposure and crash involvement, are highlighted. A pattern of misestimation for those who self-report an extremely low or extremely high number of miles driven is documented, that casts serious doubt upon the effect reported earlier. The present findings underscore the need for objective exposure measures for future analyses of this nature, and impact discussions about the feasibility of this suggested strategy to aid detection of at-risk older drivers by licensing officials.
Related Concept Videos
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
Bias
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Regression Toward the Mean
Motivational Bias
The Availability Heuristic