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Quantum cryptography with finite resources: unconditional security bound for discrete-variable protocols with one-way

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This study establishes a security bound for quantum key distribution (QKD) with finite resources. A positive secret key rate is achievable with approximately 100,000 signals for standard QKD protocols.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Cryptography
  • Theoretical Computer Science

Background:

  • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security.
  • Assessing QKD security with finite resources and practical postprocessing is crucial.
  • Composable security definitions are essential for real-world applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a security bound for finite-resource QKD under one-way postprocessing.
  • To establish a composable and operationally meaningful security definition for QKD.
  • To determine the practical resource requirements for secure key generation in QKD protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a security bound based on collective attack assumptions.
  • Application of composable security definitions with operational meaning.
  • Analysis of single-qubit implementations and discrete-variable protocols.

Main Results:

  • A bound for the security of finite-resource QKD under one-way postprocessing is derived.
  • Unconditional security is demonstrated for protocols like Bennett-Brassard 1984 and six-states.
  • A positive secret key rate is achieved with approximately 10^5 signals for single-qubit protocols.

Conclusions:

  • The derived security bound provides a practical assessment for finite-resource QKD.
  • Standard QKD protocols can achieve unconditional security with sufficient signal exchange.
  • While alternative methods exist for other protocols, they currently yield pessimistic estimates.