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An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model of Cartilage Remodeling in Bovine Knee Explants

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A cartilage growth mixture model with collagen remodeling: validation protocols.

Stephen M Klisch¹, Anna Asanbaeva, Sevan R Oungoulian

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

|June 6, 2008

Summary

A new cartilage growth mixture (CGM) model accurately predicts tissue growth and mechanical properties. This model can guide in vitro cartilage tissue engineering by forecasting geometric and biomechanical outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Biomechanics

Background:

Previous models had limitations in predicting cartilage growth.
Articular cartilage (AC) tissue engineering requires accurate predictive models.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel cartilage growth mixture (CGM) model.
To incorporate collagen (COL) remodeling and new constitutive equations into the CGM model.
To predict in vitro AC growth and biomechanical properties.

Main Methods:

Derived new stress constitutive equations for the solid matrix.
Incorporated COL remodeling by allowing intrinsic COL material constants to evolve.
Developed an analytical validation protocol using experimental data from AC explants incubated in different media.

Main Results:

The CGM model precisely matched experimental tissue biochemical content and volume.
Predicted tensile moduli from the model showed no significant difference from experimental values.
Theoretical COL remodeling factors correlated positively with COL cross-link content; mass growth correlated with cell density.

Conclusions:

The proposed CGM model accurately predicts AC growth and mechanical properties.
The model's ability to forecast outcomes can guide in vitro AC tissue engineering protocols.
CGM provides a valuable tool for a priori prediction of geometric and biomechanical properties in engineered cartilage.