Principles and techniques of guided tissue regeneration

Area of Science:

• Periodontal regeneration
• Tissue engineering
• Guided tissue regeneration (GTR)

Background:

• New attachment in periodontal therapy is crucial for successful treatment outcomes.
• Cell source significantly influences periodontal regeneration, with periodontal ligament cells showing the highest potential.
• Epithelial and gingival connective tissue proliferation can impede regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in promoting periodontal regeneration.
• To assess the role of barrier membranes in facilitating periodontal ligament cell proliferation.
• To document the histological and clinical outcomes of GTR in treating periodontal defects.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing barrier membranes, such as Gore-Tex periodontal material, during periodontal surgery.
• Allowing selective proliferation of periodontal ligament cells towards the root surface.
• Blocking the migration of epithelial and gingival connective tissues.

Main Results:

• Histological evidence confirmed the formation of new cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament.
• Clinical studies demonstrated positive outcomes in treating intrabony defects of various topographies.
• Successful treatment of Class II furcations, with or without a vertical component, was documented.

Conclusions:

• Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is an effective technique for periodontal regeneration.
• Barrier membranes are essential for directing cell proliferation and achieving new attachment.
• GTR offers predictable clinical benefits for treating complex periodontal intrabony and furcation defects.