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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve
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Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve

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Simulation in laparoscopic surgery: a concurrent validity study for FLS.

George Xeroulis1, Adam Dubrowski, Ken Leslie

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. gxeroulis@hotmail.com

Surgical Endoscopy
|September 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Objective surgical skill assessment is possible. Computer-based motion analysis using the Imperial College surgical assessment device (ICSAD) highly correlates with expert Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) ratings, offering a less labor-intensive evaluation method.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Education
  • Medical Technology
  • Laparoscopic Surgery Assessment

Background:

  • Current Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) assessments are time-consuming and rely on subjective expert evaluation.
  • Objective evaluation of surgical skills is needed to improve training and patient outcomes.
  • Hand motion analysis presents a potential objective alternative for assessing FLS performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the correlation between expert-rated FLS assessments and computer-based motion efficiency analysis.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the Imperial College surgical assessment device (ICSAD) in objectively measuring FLS task performance.

Main Methods:

  • 26 subjects were stratified into junior, senior, and staff surgeon groups.
  • Subjects performed four standard FLS tasks: peg transfer, pattern cut, endoloop, and intracorporeal suturing.

Related Experiment Videos

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Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve
08:21

Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve

Published on: August 15, 2025

  • Performance was evaluated using traditional FLS expert scoring and ICSAD motion analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • FLS expert scores effectively differentiated between experience levels for all tasks.
    • ICSAD motion efficiency metrics (movements, distance, time) also discriminated between groups for most tasks.
    • A strong correlation (Spearman coefficient > 0.76, p < 0.001) was found between FLS scores and ICSAD metrics for total distance, movements, and time.

    Conclusions:

    • A high correlation exists between standard FLS scoring and motion efficiency metrics derived from ICSAD.
    • ICSAD offers a promising adjunctive tool for objective FLS task assessment.
    • Automated scoring by ICSAD could significantly reduce the labor intensity of surgical skill evaluation.