Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Developmental variation in basal ganglia tissue iron, neurocognitive functioning, and impulsivity is associated with substance use trajectories in youth.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Characterizing Resting-State Frontoparietal-Amygdala Network Connectivity as a Potential Moderator of the Developmental Link Between Executive Functioning and Internalizing Symptoms: A Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation-Based Approach.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

A Scalable fMRI Estimate of Basal Ganglia Brain Tissue Iron for Use in Developmental and Translational Neuroscience.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Links between hormonal and pubertal development, and adolescent females' risk for affective symptoms.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Trajectories of Response Inhibition Development in Adolescence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Lifespan changes in functional brain activation during conflict-processing: reconciling development and aging.

Science bulletin·2026
Same journal

Gelastic dysarthria: Speech-triggered pathological laughter with evidence for a selective pontine gating mechanism.

Brain and cognition·2026
Same journal

Brain correlates of linguistic-cognitive stimulation in neurotypical and Atypical older adult populations: A systematic review.

Brain and cognition·2026
Same journal

Effects of Dieting on Neural Encoding of Preferences for Edible and Non-Edible Rewards: An ERP Study.

Brain and cognition·2026
Same journal

Structural complexity of brain regions in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Brain and cognition·2026
Same journal

Spatial navigation training enhances performance on large-scale and small-scale spatial tasks through different neural mechanisms.

Brain and cognition·2026
Same journal

Unraveling the link between brain injury and enhanced artistic skills.

Brain and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum
07:30

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Development of eye-movement control.

Beatriz Luna1, Katerina Velanova, Charles F Geier

  • 1Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, Department of Psychology and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. lunab@upmc.edu

Brain and Cognition
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control improves through adolescence, with eye movement tasks revealing voluntary control develops late. This research informs understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders emerging during this period.

More Related Videos

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
09:47

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum
07:30

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
09:47

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation, including synaptic pruning and myelination, enhancing cognitive control.
  • This developmental stage is also associated with the emergence of psychiatric disorders, highlighting adolescent vulnerability.
  • Oculomotor studies offer a precise method to link cognitive control, brain circuitry, and development in psychopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of cognitive control of eye movements during adolescence.
  • To associate oculomotor development with neurodevelopmental processes and psychiatric disorders.
  • To inform models of neurodevelopmental disorders by characterizing adolescent cognitive control maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on the development of pursuit, fixation, and saccadic eye movements.
  • Analysis of studies on the antisaccade task (inhibiting prepotent movements).
  • Examination of the oculomotor delayed response task (working memory-guided movements).

Main Results:

  • Basic sensorimotor eye movements (pursuit, fixation, visually-guided saccades) mature early.
  • Cognitive control of eye movements, particularly voluntary, endogenous control, shows protracted development into adolescence.
  • The ability to inhibit responses and use working memory for eye movements matures late.

Conclusions:

  • Voluntary, endogenous eye movement control develops gradually through adolescence.
  • Understanding this protracted development is crucial for neurodevelopmental models of psychiatric disorders.
  • Oculomotor tasks provide valuable insights into the neurodevelopmental basis of impaired cognitive control.