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Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Published on: January 9, 2026

Iatrogenic biliary injuries: classification, identification, and management.

Kenneth J McPartland¹, James J Pomposelli

¹Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|November 11, 2008

Summary

Iatrogenic biliary injuries, often from laparoscopic cholecystectomy, demand expert multidisciplinary care. Proper management is crucial to prevent lifelong disability and chronic liver disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Published on: January 9, 2026

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Surgery

Background:

Iatrogenic biliary injuries are a significant complication, predominantly occurring during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
These injuries pose complex challenges requiring specialized knowledge in hepatobiliary disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing iatrogenic biliary injuries.
To emphasize the importance of meticulous surgical strategy and attention to detail in achieving favorable outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of common causes and management strategies for iatrogenic biliary injuries.
Emphasis on the collaborative roles of surgeons, radiologists, and gastroenterologists.

Main Results:

Mismanagement of biliary injuries can lead to severe, lifelong consequences, including chronic liver disease.
A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective patient care.

Conclusions:

Optimal management of iatrogenic biliary injuries necessitates a comprehensive, team-based strategy.
Attention to detail and strategic planning are paramount due to the delicate nature of the biliary tree.