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Related Concept Videos

Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...

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Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

A flavin-based [2]catenane.

Stuart T Caldwell1, Graeme Cooke, Brian Fitzpatrick

  • 1Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry, WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK G12 8QQ.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel flavin-based [2]catenane. This study details its creation and initial properties in solid and solution states.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Flavin derivatives are crucial in biological redox processes.
  • Catenanes, mechanically interlocked molecules, offer unique structural and electronic properties.
  • Developing novel flavin-based architectures is key for advanced functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel flavin-based [2]catenane.
  • To characterize its solid-state structure.
  • To investigate its preliminary solution properties.

Main Methods:

  • Template-directed synthesis utilizing metal ions.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for solid-state analysis.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy for solution studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the target flavin-based [2]catenane was achieved.
  • Solid-state structure revealed a specific interlocked arrangement.
  • Preliminary solution studies indicated stability and characteristic spectral features.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis of flavin-based [2]catenanes is feasible.
  • The characterized structure provides a foundation for further functionalization.
  • These molecules hold potential for applications in redox-active systems and molecular machines.