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Related Concept Videos

Equation of Motion for a Rigid Body01:12

Equation of Motion for a Rigid Body

The movement of a rigid object can be understood through the equations that explain both translational and rotational motion about the center of mass of the object, point G. This center of mass is the point where the equation of motion for translational motion comes into play, as per Newton's Second Law.
The combined moments generated about the center of mass of the object are equal to the rate of change of the angular momentum of the body. An external force, when applied at a different point...
Center of Mass: Introduction01:03

Center of Mass: Introduction

Any object that obeys Newton's second law of motion is made up of a large number of infinitesimally small particles. Objects in motion can be as simple as atoms or as complex as gymnasts performing in the Olympics. The motion of such objects is described about a point called the center of mass of the object. The center of mass of an object is a point that acts as if the whole mass is concentrated at that point. The center of mass of an object with a large number of infinitesimally small...
Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body01:13

Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body

Imagine a solid object involved in a general planar movement, with its center of mass pinpointed at a spot labeled G. The object's kinetic energy relative to an arbitrary point A can be quantified for each of its particles - the ith particle in this case. This measurement is achieved through the employment of the relative velocity definition. The position vector, known as rA, extends from point A to the mass element i.
Equation of Motion: General Plane motion01:22

Equation of Motion: General Plane motion

In the context of a rigid body's movement within a general plane, it is important to understand that this motion is typically triggered by external forces or couple moments exerted onto it. This principle can be explained through Newton's second law, which stipulates the translational motion of the body's center of mass along each axis.
Moreover, the body's center of mass experiences a rotational effect as a result of these couple moments. This rotation can be articulated as the product of the...
Finding the Center of Gravity01:03

Finding the Center of Gravity

The center of gravity of a body is an imaginary point where the body's total weight is assumed to be concentrated, and the body is perfectly balanced. The center of the mass of a body is a point at which the whole of the mass of the body appears to be concentrated. If the acceleration due to gravity, g, has the same value at all points on a body, its center of gravity is identical to its center of mass. The center of gravity of homogeneous bodies such as a sphere, cube, or rectangular plate is...
Equation of Motion: Center of Mass01:14

Equation of Motion: Center of Mass

The equation of motion for a single particle can be expanded to encompass a system of particles consisting of n particles. For any arbitrarily chosen particle within this system, the net force acting upon it is the aggregate of both internal and external forces. Extending this principle to all particles within the system results in the equation of motion for the entire assembly.
Internal forces between any pair of particles manifest as collinear pairs of equal magnitude but opposite directions,...

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Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
06:21

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Published on: July 26, 2022

Estimation of the Rigid-Body Motion from Three-Dimensional Images Using a Generalized Center-of-Mass Points Approach.

B Feng1, P P Bruyant, P H Pretorius

  • 1B. Feng, P. P. Bruyant, P. H. Pretorius, R. D. Beach, H. C. Gifford, J. Dey, and M. A. King are with the Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655. M. Gennert is with the Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA.

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method using generalized center-of-mass points to estimate and correct rigid-body motion in SPECT and PET imaging. The technique effectively reduces motion artifacts in 3D tomographic images, improving image quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Rigid-body motion during SPECT and PET scans introduces artifacts, degrading image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
  • Accurate motion estimation is crucial for effective compensation in 3D tomographic imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an analytical method for estimating rigid-body motion in 3D SPECT and PET images.
  • To assess the effectiveness of this method in reducing motion artifacts through simulations and phantom studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mathematically defined generalized center-of-mass points, requiring no image segmentation.
  • Generalized the center-of-mass formula to identify optimal points for motion estimation.
  • Applied estimated motion for image summation and iterative reconstruction correction.
  • Compared the generalized center-of-mass method with the principle-axes method.

Main Results:

  • The generalized center-of-mass method effectively reduced visual and quantitative motion artifacts in SPECT and PET imaging.
  • Simulations with MCAT and anthropomorphic phantoms demonstrated the method's ability to compensate for motion.
  • The method showed comparable or improved motion estimation accuracy against the principle-axes method in phantom studies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed analytical method provides a robust approach for estimating and correcting rigid-body motion in 3D SPECT and PET.
  • This technique holds promise for applications such as correcting respiratory motion in gated SPECT and PET imaging.