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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
Published on: March 22, 2019
Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy with a mid-infrared interband cascade laser for real-time breath
Krishnan R Parameswaran1, David I Rosen, Mark G Allen
1Physical Sciences Incorporated, 20 New England Business Center, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, USA. krp@psicorp.com
Abstract:
Cavity-enhanced tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is an attractive method for measuring small concentrations of gaseous species. Ethane is a breath biomarker of lipid peroxidation initiated by reactive oxygen species. A noninvasive means of quickly quantifying oxidative stress status has the potential for broad clinical application. We present a simple, compact system using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy with an interband cascade laser and demonstrate its use in real-time measurements of breath ethane. We demonstrate a detection sensitivity of 0.48 ppb/Hz(1/2).
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