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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines01:19

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines

In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is broad and...
¹H NMR: Pople Notation01:09

¹H NMR: Pople Notation

The Pople nomenclature system classifies spin systems based on the difference between their chemical shifts. Coupled spins are denoted by capital letters with subscripts indicating the number of equivalent nuclei. When the coupled nuclei have well-separated chemical shifts, they are assigned letters that are far apart in the alphabet, such as A and X. When the difference in chemical shifts is small, coupled nuclei are named using adjacent letters of the alphabet (AB, MN, or XY).
A proton...
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range. Consider...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Pseudo-capsule assemblies characterized by 19F NMR techniques.

Agustí Lledó1, Per Restorp, Julius Rebek

  • 1The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created capsule-like dynamic assemblies using specific interactions with fluorinated guests, avoiding traditional host attractions. This breakthrough in supramolecular chemistry was confirmed using fluorine-19 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy.

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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation
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The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Published on: July 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Traditional dynamic assemblies often rely on host-guest attractions between subunits.
  • Developing novel self-assembling systems with unique interaction mechanisms is crucial for advanced materials.
  • Fluorinated molecules offer distinct properties for molecular recognition and assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of capsule-like dynamic assemblies without host-subunit attractions.
  • To explore the role of specific interactions with fluorinated guests in driving assembly.
  • To characterize the resulting three-component assemblies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing specific interactions between host subunits and fluorinated guests to induce self-assembly.
  • Employing fluorine-19 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((19)F NMR) spectroscopy for detailed characterization.
  • Analyzing the structural and dynamic properties of the formed assemblies.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed capsule-like dynamic assemblies driven by specific guest interactions, not host attractions.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of fluorinated guests in directing the formation of these novel assemblies.
  • Confirmed the structure and dynamics of the three-component assemblies using (19)F NMR spectroscopy.

Conclusions:

  • Specific interactions with fluorinated guests can lead to the formation of capsule-like dynamic assemblies independent of host-host attractions.
  • This approach offers a new strategy for designing and constructing complex supramolecular architectures.
  • (19)F NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing such fluorinated systems.