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Pectus excavatum: pathophysiology and clinical characteristics.
1Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA. akoumbou@LIJ.edu
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|February 11, 2009
Summary
Pectus excavatum, a common chest wall defect, may cause mild breathing issues and exercise intolerance, often linked to heart function. Psychological impact can be significant, with surgical repair remaining a debated option.
Area of Science:
- Congenital abnormalities
- Thoracic surgery
- Pediatric cardiology
Background:
- Pectus excavatum is the most frequent congenital chest wall anomaly, typically idiopathic.
- Patients may exhibit mildly reduced lung volumes, air-trapping, and lower airway obstruction.
- Exercise intolerance is a primary symptom, increasingly attributed to cardiovascular factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of pectus excavatum.
- To detail the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.
- To outline current treatment strategies for affected patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pathophysiology.
- Analysis of clinical characteristics.
- Overview of surgical and non-surgical treatment options.
Main Results:
- Pectus excavatum commonly presents with mild pulmonary and cardiovascular symptoms.
- Psychological distress often outweighs physical limitations.
- Surgical repair efficacy and indications are subjects of ongoing debate.
Conclusions:
- Understanding pectus excavatum's multifaceted nature is crucial for patient management.
- A thorough evaluation considering pulmonary, cardiovascular, and psychological aspects is recommended.
- This review aids practitioners in the comprehensive care of pectus excavatum patients.
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