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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
Obedience01:08

Obedience

According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation, obedience...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
07:30

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Ski patrollers: reluctant role models for helmet use.

Bruce Evans1, Jack T Gervais, Kennon Heard

  • 1Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery and the Colorado Emergency Medicine Research Center, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
|February 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Most ski patrollers know ski helmets prevent traumatic brain injury (TBI) but only 23% wear them. Addressing comfort and perceived recklessness could increase helmet use among these safety role models.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Ski helmets significantly reduce traumatic brain injury (TBI) risk.
  • Low ski helmet usage rates are a public health concern.
  • Ski patrollers, as visible role models, could influence public helmet adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ski patrollers' helmet usage rates, beliefs, and perceived barriers.
  • To identify factors predicting helmet use among ski patrollers.
  • To inform strategies for increasing helmet adoption in skiing.

Main Methods:

  • A written survey was administered to ski patrollers at continuing education conferences.
  • Data collected included self-reported helmet use, TBI history, and perceptions of helmet risks/benefits.
  • Statistical analysis, including odds ratios, assessed predictors of helmet use, adjusted for skiing experience.

Main Results:

  • Only 23% of surveyed ski patrollers reported regular helmet use while on duty.
  • Primary reasons for non-use were impaired hearing (35%) and discomfort (29%).
  • Despite believing helmets prevent injuries (90%) and their role-model status (92%), many perceived helmets encourage recklessness (39%) or increase injury risk (16%).

Conclusions:

  • Ski patrollers recognize helmet benefits but exhibit low personal usage, influenced by comfort and hearing concerns.
  • Beliefs that helmets encourage recklessness negatively predict usage.
  • Enhancing helmet design for comfort/hearing and educational initiatives addressing perceived risks are crucial for increasing patroller and public helmet use.