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Attentional enhancement during multiple-object tracking.

Trafton Drew1, Andrew W McCollough, Todd S Horowitz

  • 1University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. vogel@uoregon.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
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Attention enhances early visual processing of tracked items during multiple-object tracking. This study used event-related potentials to show attentional enhancement of targets over distractors, aiding tracking performance measurement.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Multiple-object tracking (MOT) involves selecting and maintaining representations of targets amidst distractors.
  • The precise role of attention in MOT, whether enhancing targets or suppressing distractors, remains debated.
  • Behavioral measures can be confounded by the act of attentional allocation itself.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of attention in multiple-object tracking (MOT).
  • To determine if attention enhances target representations, suppresses distractor representations, or both.
  • To develop a novel method for measuring attentional allocation during tracking using electrophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from subjects performing a dual-target MOT task.

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  • Task-irrelevant visual probes were presented on targets, moving distractors, stationary distractors, or empty space.
  • Early visual evoked potentials (P1 and N1 components) were analyzed to assess attentional modulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Probes on tracked targets elicited significantly enhanced early visual evoked potentials (P1 and N1 components) compared to probes on distractors.
    • Individuals with better tracking abilities showed a larger ERP difference between target and distractor probes.
    • These findings indicate an early attentional enhancement of target representations during MOT.

    Conclusions:

    • Attention actively enhances the neural representation of tracked targets early in visual processing.
    • The magnitude of this early attentional enhancement correlates with tracking proficiency.
    • Event-related potentials offer a non-invasive method to measure attentional allocation during complex tasks like MOT.